What is the principal industrial reason hafnium is used in nuclear reactor control rods?

Very high neutron absorption cross-section

Which separation method is commonly used to separate hafnium from zirconium in industry?

Liquid–liquid extraction of their tetrachlorides

Electrorefining of the pure metal

Steam distillation of the oxides

Which property of hafnium carbide (HfC) makes it notable for high-temperature applications?

Exceptional electrical insulation

Which electronic application uses hafnium dioxide (HfO2) because of its high dielectric constant?

Gate dielectric in CMOS integrated circuits

Why is separating hafnium from zirconium important for nuclear reactor cladding materials?

Zirconium must be low in hafnium because hafnium strongly absorbs neutrons

Hafnium causes zirconium to become brittle at low temperatures

Hafnium promotes corrosion of zirconium in water

Hafnium alloying increases zirconium's thermal expansion too much

Besides control rods and electronics, hafnium is alloyed with which class of materials for improved high-temperature performance?

Noble metal alloys (gold/silver)

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Hafnium (Hf) — industrial roles and extraction

Ten multiple-choice questions on hafnium (Z=72): where it occurs, how it's separated from zirconium, its main industrial uses (reactor control, alloys, electronics), and characteristic chemistry.0 takes

by @triviagang_dataUpdated 2d ago

Preview · 10 questions

01In which common mineral is hafnium most frequently found combined with zirconium?
02What is the principal industrial reason hafnium is used in nuclear reactor control rods?
03Which oxidation state is most characteristic for hafnium in stable compounds?
04Which separation method is commonly used to separate hafnium from zirconium in industry?
05Which property of hafnium carbide (HfC) makes it notable for high-temperature applications?
06Hafnium is chemically most similar to which other group 4 transition metal?
07Which electronic application uses hafnium dioxide (HfO2) because of its high dielectric constant?
08Why is separating hafnium from zirconium important for nuclear reactor cladding materials?
09Besides control rods and electronics, hafnium is alloyed with which class of materials for improved high-temperature performance?
10What is the atomic number of hafnium?